The compulsory portion of a child can be reduced by half, if there was no close relationship between the testator and the beneficiary. The reduction can be excepted, if the testator refused the personal contact with the beneficiary on purpose. Basically there can only be a refusal to a tried approach, but the beneficiary is excepted if it was not possible to contact the testator due to previously morally reprehensive behaviour.

If the way holder omits to warn of dangers that are clearly visible or can be avoided by obeying traffic regulations, it does not constitute gross negligence. A danger counts as recognizable if there were similar incidents during the last years.

The organizer of a ski race is committed to inform the participants about unusual dangers (dangers that are not easily recognizable or hard to avoid) or secure the sources of these dangers. It can be assumed that an experienced skier should be able to identify possible dangers.

Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.

Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.

Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.

Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.

Personal and professional competence are the main criteria for a doctor’s contract. Occupation as settled doctor, doctor’s office representative or employed doctor are considered equivalent.

Newspapers are allowed to advertise in comparison to other papers in a good way, it is not allowed to ascribe others to bad journalism.

Comparative advertisement is only admissable if it relates to essential, relevant, verifiable and representative features of the goods or services concerned but the objectivity bid forbids non verifiable features. Therefore the advertisement comparison can relate to the different economic success of both newspapers, but not on any unverifiable negative judgement.

A registered right of residence does not oblige the owner to take the running costs (e.g. heating, electricity, cleaning …).